41 research outputs found

    Inner and Outer Rounding of Boolean Operations on Lattice Polygonal Regions

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    Robustness problems due to the substitution of the exact computation on real numbers by the rounded floating point arithmetic are often an obstacle to obtain practical implementation of geometric algorithms. If the adoption of the --exact computation paradigm--[Yap et Dube] gives a satisfactory solution to this kind of problems for purely combinatorial algorithms, this solution does not allow to solve in practice the case of algorithms that cascade the construction of new geometric objects. In this report, we consider the problem of rounding the intersection of two polygonal regions onto the integer lattice with inclusion properties. Namely, given two polygonal regions A and B having their vertices on the integer lattice, the inner and outer rounding modes construct two polygonal regions with integer vertices which respectively is included and contains the true intersection. We also prove interesting results on the Hausdorff distance, the size and the convexity of these polygonal regions

    Le tampon mélangeur

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    Les méthodes de randomisation ont eu un grand succÚs en géométrie algorithmique car elles conduisent fréquemment à des algorithmes plus simples à programmer et parfois plus efficaces que leurs équivalents déterministes. Un algorithme est randomisé lorsque celui-ci effectue des choix aléatoires pour parvenir à ses fins, pour la catégorie des algorithmes incrémentaux à laquelle nous nous intéressons, le hasard intervient, par exemple, dans l'ordre d'insertion des données. L'analyse de tels algorithmes est alors faite en moyenne sur les différents ordres possibles. Cependant, choisir un ordre d'insertion aléatoire nécessite d'attendre l'ensemble des données avant de les insérer, ce qui fait que l'algorithme n'est plus en ligne. Une solution possible consiste, cependant, à intercaler un tampon mélangeur de taille kk entre le processus qui fournit les données et l'entrée de l'algorithme afin d'effectuer un mélange local de l'ordre initial nous permettant ainsi d'introduire assez de randomisation pour nous garantir une amélioration de la complexité moyenne d'algorithmes en ligne dépendant de l'ordre d'insertion. Ainsi aprÚs avoir illustré ce type de technique sur le problÚme du tri, nous donnons quelques résultats obtenus pour des problÚmes plus géométriques tels que la triangulation de Delaunay ou le cloisonnement vertical de segments pour lesquels il existe des algorithmes incrémentaux. Typiquement, pour un algorithme randomisé en O(nlog⁥n)O(n \log n) ou O(n)O(n), le cas le pire est au moins quadratique et l'utilisation des stratégies proposées permet d'obtenir une complexité O(\fracn^2 \log k{k}).

    Dorures des céramiques et tesselles anciennes : technologies et accrochage

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    Les technologies de dorures des cĂ©ramiques et verres et leurs Ă©volutions historiques sont trĂšs mal documentĂ©es. Des Ă©chantillons d'Ă©poques et de technologies diffĂ©rentes (tesselles d'Ă©poque omeyyade, dĂ©but VIIIe s., Qusayr 'Amra, Jordanie ; porcelaine de type « Kinran-de », Ă©pave de Cu Lao Cham, XVe s. Vietnam ; porcelaine phosphatique de Rockingham, dĂ©but XIXe s., Angleterre) ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s par PIXE et RBS sur l'accĂ©lĂ©rateur AGLAE et par micro-spectromĂ©trie Raman. Dans tous ces cas, l'or est un alliage Au-Ag dont la teneur en argent va de ~5 % en poids pour les deux cĂ©ramiques Ă  ~ 15 % pour les tesselles. Les Ă©paisseurs des « dorures » sont de 3-5 ”m pour la cĂ©ramique vietnamienne et de 1 ”m pour les autres. Une couche d'argent, bien accrochĂ©e, est observĂ©e Ă  l'interface alliage Au-Ag/cĂ©ramique et il est probable qu'elle rĂ©sulte de la diffusion Ă  la cuisson. De ce travail on peut conclure que la dorure des tesselles du VIIIe s. a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă  partir d'une feuille d'or alliĂ©e recouverte de verre fondu, que celle de la cĂ©ramique du XVe s. a Ă©tĂ© cuite avec les Ă©maux et brunie Ă  la pierre dure, alors que la porcelaine du XIXe s. a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©corĂ©e Ă  l'or « liquide ».To date, the ancient gilding technologies of glasses and ceramics, and their history, are not well documented. In this paper three examples, Umayyad tesserae (beginning of the 8th century, Qusayr 'Amra, Jordan), a “Kinran-de” Vietnamese porcelain (Cu Lao Cham shipwreck, middle 15th century) and an English Bone China (Rockingham, beginning 19th century) have been analysed by optical microscopy, ”-Raman scattering, PIXE and RBS (AGLAE). In all cases the gold coating consists of an Au-Ag alloy, -5 % wt for both the ceramics and 15 % wt for the glass tesserae. A silver film is observed at the interface between the gold film and the silicate substrate, which remains partly when the gilding has been eliminated. Film formation is assigned to a segregation at the interface during the firing. It can be conclude that the 8th c. tesserae gold foil has been covered by molten glass, the 15thc. ceramic gold have been fired with the glaze and then burnished and the 19th c. Bone China has been decorated using liquid gold

    Prenatal Ultrasound Screening: False Positive Soft Markers May Alter Maternal Representations and Mother-Infant Interaction

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    International audienceBackground : In up to 5% of pregnancies, ultrasounds screenin detects a " soft marker" (SM) that places the foetus at risk for a severe abnormality. In most cases, prenatal diagnostic work-up rules out a severe defect. We aimed to study the effects of false positive SM on maternal emotional status, maternal representations of the infant, and mother-infant interaction. Methology and Principal Findings : Utilizing an extreme-case prospective case control design, we selected frome a group of 244 women undergroing ultrasound, 19 pregnant women whose foetus had a positive SM screening and reassuring diagnostic work up, and 19 controls without SM matched for age and education. In the third trimester of pregnancy, within one week after delivery, and 2 months postpartum, we assessed anxiety, depression and maternal representations; Mother-infant interactions were videotaped during feeding within one week after delivery and again at 2 months postpartum and coded blindly using Coding Interactive behavior (CIB) scales. Anxiety and depression scores were significantly higher at alla ssessment points in the SM group. Maternal representations were also observd in the SM groyp. These dyads showed greater dysregulation, lower maternal sensitivity, higher maternal intrusive behaviour and higher infant avoidance. Multivariate analysis showed that maternal representation and depression at third trimester predicted mother-infant interaction.Conclusion : False positive ultrasound screenings for SM are not benign and negatively affect the developping maternal-infant attachment. Medical efforts should be directed to minimize as much as possible such false diagnoses, and to the psychological adverse consequences

    The ANTENATAL multicentre study to predict postnatal renal outcome in fetuses with posterior urethral valves: objectives and design

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    Abstract Background Posterior urethral valves (PUV) account for 17% of paediatric end-stage renal disease. A major issue in the management of PUV is prenatal prediction of postnatal renal function. Fetal ultrasound and fetal urine biochemistry are currently employed for this prediction, but clearly lack precision. We previously developed a fetal urine peptide signature that predicted in utero with high precision postnatal renal function in fetuses with PUV. We describe here the objectives and design of the prospective international multicentre ANTENATAL (multicentre validation of a fetal urine peptidome-based classifier to predict postnatal renal function in posterior urethral valves) study, set up to validate this fetal urine peptide signature. Methods Participants will be PUV pregnancies enrolled from 2017 to 2021 and followed up until 2023 in >30 European centres endorsed and supported by European reference networks for rare urological disorders (ERN eUROGEN) and rare kidney diseases (ERN ERKNet). The endpoint will be renal/patient survival at 2 years postnatally. Assuming α = 0.05, 1–ÎČ = 0.8 and a mean prevalence of severe renal outcome in PUV individuals of 0.35, 400 patients need to be enrolled to validate the previously reported sensitivity and specificity of the peptide signature. Results In this largest multicentre study of antenatally detected PUV, we anticipate bringing a novel tool to the clinic. Based on urinary peptides and potentially amended in the future with additional omics traits, this tool will be able to precisely quantify postnatal renal survival in PUV pregnancies. The main limitation of the employed approach is the need for specialized equipment. Conclusions Accurate risk assessment in the prenatal period should strongly improve the management of fetuses with PUV

    Constructions gĂ©omĂ©triques Ă  prĂ©cision ïŹxĂ©e

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    Robustness problems resulting from the substitution of ïŹ‚oating-point arithmetic for exact arithmetic on real numbers are often an obstacle to the practical implementation of geometric algorithms. For algorithms that are purely combinatorial, the use of the exact computation paradigm gives a satisfactory solution to this problem. However, this paradigm does not allow to practically solve the case of algorithms that reuse or cascade the construction of new geometric objects. This thesis treats the problem of rounding the result of set operations on polygonal regions onto the integer grid. We propose several rounding modes that allow to guarantee some interesting metric and topological properties between the exact result and its rounded counterpart such as inclusion properties and convexity preservation. Our methods are based on the rounding of elementary geometric constructions, e.g. rounding a vertex of a convex polygon to its nearest interior grid point, for which we propose efïŹcient algorithms. We ïŹnally present some fast overlap tests that allow to detect in a robust manner the intersection of several kinds of convex objects in the plane and in the three dimensional space. All methods have a direct application in domains such as CAD and computer graphics.Les problĂšmes de robustesse liĂ©s Ă  la substitution du calcul exact sur les rĂ©els par le calcul flottant approchĂ© sont souvent un obstacle Ă  l'implantation pratique des algorithmes gĂ©omĂ©triques. Si l'adoption du paradigme exact apporte une solution satisfaisante Ă  ce type de problĂšmes pour les algorithmes ayant un rĂ©sultat purement combinatoire, cette solution ne permet cependant pas de rĂ©soudre en pratique le cas des algorithmes qui rĂ©utilisent voire cascadent la construction de nouveaux objets gĂ©omĂ©triques. Cette thĂšse aborde le problĂšme de l'arrondi sur la grille entiĂšre du rĂ©sultat d'opĂ©rations boolĂ©ennes sur des rĂ©gions polygonales et propose plusieurs notions d'arrondi permettant de garantir certaines propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©triques et topologiques intĂ©ressantes entre le rĂ©sultat exact et sa version arrondie telles que la garantie de relations d'inclusion et la prĂ©servation de la convexitĂ© du rĂ©sultat. Nos mĂ©thodes sont basĂ©es sur l'utilisation de constructeurs Ă©lĂ©mentaires arrondis pour lesquels nous prĂ©sentons Ă©galement plusieurs algorithmes efficaces. Nous proposons enfin des tests rapides permettant la dĂ©tection robuste d'intersection entre plusieurs types d'objets convexes dans le plan et dans l'espace. L'ensemble de ces solutions trouvent une application directe en CAO et en graphisme

    Etude de thermodynamique des melanges de type alcool+cycloalcane, +hydrocarbure aromatique, +n-alcanone. Prevision des proprietes d'exces et des lignes d'equilibre entre phases par le modele DISpersif QUAsi Chimique (DISQUAC)

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    SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : TD 84048 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

    Constructions géométriques à précision fixée

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    Les problÚmes de robustesse liés à la substitution du calcul exact sur les réels par le calcul flottant approché sont souvent un obstacle à l'implantation pratique des algorithmes géométriques. Si l'adoption du paradigme exact apporte une solution satisfaisante à ce type de problÚmes pour les algorithmes ayant un résultat purement combinatoire, cette solution ne permet cependant pas de résoudre en pratique le cas des algorithmes qui réutilisent voire cascadent la construction de nouveaux objets géométriques. Cette thÚse aborde le problÚme de l'arrondi sur la grille entiÚre du résultat d'opérations booléennes sur des régions polygonales et propose plusieurs notions d'arrondi permettant de garantir certaines propriétés métriques et topologiques intéressantes entre le résultat exact et sa version arrondie telles que la garantie de relations d'inclusion et la préservation de la convexité du résultat. Nos méthodes sont basées sur l'utilisation de constructeurs élémentaires arrondis pour lesquels nous présentons également plusieurs algorithmes efficaces. Nous proposons enfin des tests rapides permettant la détection robuste d'intersection entre plusieurs types d'objets convexes dans le plan et dans l'espace. L'ensemble de ces solutions trouvent une application directe en CAO et en graphisme.Robustness problems resulting from the substitution of floating-point arithmetic for exact arithmetic on real numbers are often an obstacle to the practical implementation of geometric algorithms. For algorithms that are purely combinatorial, the use of the exact computation paradigm gives a satisfactory solution to this problem. However, this paradigm does not allow to practically solve the case of algorithms that reuse or cascade the construction of new geometric objects. This thesis treats the problem of rounding the result of set operations on polygonal regions onto the integer grid. We propose several rounding modes that allow to guarantee some interesting metric and topological properties between the exact result and its rounded counterpart such as inclusion properties and convexity preservation. Our methods are based on the rounding of elementary geometric constructions, e.g. rounding a vertex of a convex polygon to its nearest interior grid point, for which we propose efficient algorithms. We finally present some fast overlap tests that allow to detect in a robust manner the intersection of several kinds of convex objects in the plane and in the three dimensional space. All methods have a direct application in domains such as CAD and computer graphics.NICE-BU Sciences (060882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Faster Triangle-Triangle Intersection Tests

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    This paper presents a new method for computing whether or not two triangles in three dimensions intersect. The code is very efficient and requires minimum arithmetic precision. Indeed, all branching decisions are carried out by evaluating the signs of degree three polynomials. In addition, an efficient test is proposed for the two-dimensional case

    Fast and Robust Triangle-Triangle Overlap Test Using Orientation Predicates

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    International audienceThis paper presents an algorithm for determining whether two triangles in three dimensions intersect. The general scheme is identical to the one proposed by Möller (1997). The main difference is that our algorithm relies exclusively on the sign of 4 × 4 determinants and does not need any intermediate explicit construc- tions which are the source of numerical errors. Besides the fact that the resulting code is more reliable than existing methods, it is also more efficient. The source code is available online
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